Posts in Fabrication

MasterCam – The Greenest CNC Company?

Here is an interview with Mark Summers, President of CNC Software at Mastercam.Photovoltaic Solar Array at MasterCam

Mastercam stood out to me as one of the few manufacturing companies that made “Going Green” an issue worth mentioning.  Even the smallest steps taken to minimize the damage done by industry is immensely important in these modern environmental times. With all the harm that manufacturing potentially causes the earth and how much we rely on manufacturing it to keep our economy running it seems more important then ever to bring our attention to this. Society is held together by many things, including technology and manufacturing, and companies like this will be the future of sustainable manufacturing in the coming decades.

What are the environmental efforts being made right now by the manufacturing industry as a whole?

Mark: I don’t know if there is enough information to summarize the efforts made by the manufacturing industry but my guess is that many businesses are at least thinking about these issues and many will act in the next few years in various ways.

Where does Mastercam stand in this context, how do you measure up or exceed expectations and standards for “Going Green”?.

Mark: The expectations are vague and not official unless you’re LEEDS certified so it’s up to the decision makers in each company to decide what level of sustainability to integrate. However I think we measure up pretty well in the green department. We have made both small improvements and large improvements in the way we operate our facility and the way we use energy.

Small ideas include using dishes, glasses and ceramic coffee mugs instead of throw away items. (We have six energy star dishwashers). We compost all of our coffee grounds and food waste so as not to use fossil fuel to haul garbage around for no good reason. In our recent building addition we made sure to use low V.O.C. paint and PVC free carpet to improve our indoor air quality. We’ve installed a fresh air heat exchanger so that we don’t lose valuable heat when bringing in fresh air from outside. All of the windows in the building open if occupants want fresh air when weather permits and a large amount of windows allow us to use more natural light rather than electric lights, which are energy efficient fluorescent lights. All of the lumber in the addition was FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) certified. All of our printing is done on 100% recycled paper with environmental ink and over time we have been printing less and supplying more documents electronically. Many of the employees work from home 2 or 3 days a week to reduce fuel usage.

Like most businesses the real opportunity to make a difference in energy usage is the way a building is heated and cooled. Our 50,000 sq. ft. building is 100% geothermal and does not have a backup system. We have 46 wells that are 300 feet deep that extract either heat or cold out of the ground to heat or cool the building and make our hot water as well. Since the only energy source we use is electricity we decided to install a 72kw photovoltaic system to make some of our own. The solar system is newly installed but it appears we are making about 30% of the electricity that we use. That portion of our electricity will cost the same for about 30 years which is the predicted life of the solar panels.

Do you think technology has the ability to make our society sustainable, what social and scientific steps do you feel are needed to make this happen.

Mark: Yes, I think we have the technology to be 100% sustainable but it will take time and large investments and a change in our living standards. The laws of nature will eventually demand that we all become sustainable in our work and home life and making changes sooner rather than later will allow a smoother and less painful transition. The social steps that need to happen are mostly financial to start with since cost seems to have a way of getting everyone’s attention. Keeping fuel prices high via taxes will keep the pressure on all of us to pay greater attention to the way we live. Lobbying for low fuel costs to keep the economy going is short term thinking and just putting off the inevitable. A small amount of pain now might avoid real problems in the future. This theoretical fuel tax revenue could be used for tax credits and rebates to help fund more homes and businesses that invest in alternative energy. If the U.S. government can find a way to spend over half a trillion dollars to fight a war we can surely find the same amount of money to invest in more clean energy ideas that could actually avoid a war.

You were a “green” company before “green” really existed. What is the history of your company’s progress with its environmental efforts?

Mark: We have always tried to pay attention to our energy and material usage. My depression era parents might have had some influence in this area. We built our first building in 1989 about five miles from our current building and incorporated a geothermal system and passive solar system. Oil deliveries and burning oil in a furnace never really made much sense to me.

Are you noticing any other manufacturing companies going green or being socially responsible? If not, why do you think this is and what would it take to change this trend.

Mark: I know of one local shop that is environmentally aware and is in the process of installing a 32kw photovoltaic system to make some of their electricity. The Connecticut Clean Energy Fund offers a generous rebate for this type of system and I am certain that other shops are acting. Some businesses are motivated to save money and some are motivated to save the environment. Either way works.

What is your view on the peak oil crisis and how it will and has affected industry and manufacturing?

The peak oil crisis and high energy cost spike was a much needed wake up call for all of us. Hopefully the recent drop in oil prices won’t allow us to forget that we need to pay attention and make some changes. I think most people realize that was just a little taste of what’s coming and we need to be ready when cheap energy is no longer available. There are many ways to “be ready”. Take advantage of the energy incentive programs that are available right now. Hire an energy company to audit your operation and then act on at least some of the advice. Use less energy and make some of your own. Almost any business can afford a few solar panels and encourage recycling and shutting the lights off. Do something and then tell people about it, in that order.

Are there any new greening initiatives at your company, underway or being discussed?

We’re not obsessed with green ideas since we still need to spend most of our time operating the business so it stay healthy but we do talk about energy and environmental ideas regularly. Lately we have been monitoring many of our electronic devices to see how much power they used when turned “off”. You might be surprised to learn that many of these devices such as computers, printers, fax machines, cable boxes, dvd players etc. steal your power all the time. A $25 Kill A Watt meter will help you uncover these electric injustices and will surely pay for itself in short order provided you act on your findings. Another current project is to add more computerized controls to our HVAC system to make sure it runs only when necessary. For example, many people forget to adjust the heat or AC when they leave at night or the weekends. A computer can make that adjustment easily and with more consistency than a human and save lots of energy in the process. In other words, an efficient system that isn’t controlled properly isn’t really that efficient.

How does the lax environmental regulations in China and India fit into the global environmental solution?

Well, we all live in the same world and the responsibility level of other countries affects us all. My opinion is that the countries that care about the goal of sustainability and environmental responsibility should first offer technical and financial help to the countries that need it if they can. If the offending countries ignore sincere help then the heat should be turned up and we should reduce or avoid doing business with countries that don’t toe the line. Countries are just a collection of people and policies and sometimes a repercussion needs to be felt before action takes place. When my kids leave the lights on in their room I take the bulbs out of the offending light to send a small message. A country might need a larger message in a similar fashion.

What new and exciting things are happening right now over at Mastercam?

We are continuously working on new ideas for our CAD CAM product called Mastercam as we have been for 25 years and this year has proven to be successful as well. Our cautious but constant growth allows us to serve our customers as they expect now and in the foreseeable future and we will continue our ever present goal of reaching sustainability.

Special Thanks to Mark Summers for taking time to answer some of our questions. To read more about MasterCam’s Green initiatives, check out this article.

Material Removal in Metal Fabrication

Fabrication

December 23, 2010

Sawing: A type of cutting in which the cutting tool is a blade that has series of teeth, with each tooth removing a small amount of material. Sawing is typically used to shape raw material to the approximate size of the part, prior to additional processes.

Tapping: An operation in which a tap enters the workpiece axially and cuts internal threads into an existing hole. The existing hole is typically drilled by the required tap drill size that will accommodate the desired tap. On a milling machine, the threads may be cut to a specified depth inside the hole (bottom tap) or the complete depth of a through hole (through tap).

Broaching: Broaching involves use of a long multi-tooth cutting tool that makes successively deeper cuts. Broaching is used for machining internal and external surfaces such as key slots.

Boring: An operation in which a boring tool enters the workpiece axially and cuts along an internal surface to form different features. The boring tool is a single-point cutting tool, which can be set to cut the desired diameter by using an adjustable boring head. Boring is commonly performed after drilling a hole in order to enlarge the diameter or obtain more precise dimensions. On a turning machine, a variety of features can be formed, including steps, tapers, chamfers, and contours.

Turning: A turning operation in which a single-point tool moves axially, along the side of the workpiece, removing material to form different features, including steps, tapers, chamfers, and contours. Turning rotates the workpiece about its axis while applying cutting tools to create a desired shape.

Drilling: Drilling produces holes in a workpiece using a fluted cutting tool. Hole-making is a class of machining operations that are specifically used to cut a hole into a workpiece. Machining, a material removal process, creates features on a part by cutting away the unwanted material and requires a machine, workpiece, fixture, and cutting tool. Hole-making can be performed on a variety of machines, including general machining equipment such as CNC milling machines or CNC turning machines.

Milling: Milling is the most common form of machining, a material removal process, which can create a variety of features on a part by cutting away the unwanted material. The milling process requires a milling machine, workpiece, fixture, and cutter. The workpiece is a piece of pre-shaped material that is secured to the fixture, which itself is attached to a platform inside the milling machine. The cutter is a cutting tool with sharp teeth that is also secured in the milling machine and rotates at high speeds. By feeding the workpiece into the rotating cutter, material is cut away from this workpiece in the form of small chips to create the desired shape.

Grinding: Grinding is a chip removal process in which the cutting tool is an abrasive grain wheel. Different types of grinding include Surface grinding, cylindrical grinding, internal grinding and center-less grinding.

Types of Material Removal in metal fabrication

Fabrication

December 23, 2010

  • Sawing: A type of cutting in which the cutting tool is a blade that has series of teeth, with each tooth removing a small amount of material. Sawing is typically used to shape raw material to the approximate size of the part, prior to additional processes.
  • Tapping: An operation in which a tap enters the workpiece axially and cuts internal threads into an existing hole. The existing hole is typically drilled by the required tap drill size that will accommodate the desired tap. On a milling machine, the threads may be cut to a specified depth inside the hole (bottom tap) or the complete depth of a through hole (through tap).
  • Broaching: Broaching involves use of a long multi-tooth cutting tool that makes successively deeper cuts. Broaching is used for machining internal and external surfaces such as key slots.
  • Boring: An operation in which a boring tool enters the workpiece axially and cuts along an internal surface to form different features. The boring tool is a single-point cutting tool, which can be set to cut the desired diameter by using an adjustable boring head. Boring is commonly performed after drilling a hole in order to enlarge the diameter or obtain more precise dimensions. On a turning machine, a variety of features can be formed, including steps, tapers, chamfers, and contours.
  • Turning: A turning operation in which a single-point tool moves axially, along the side of the workpiece, removing material to form different features, including steps, tapers, chamfers, and contours. Turning rotates the workpiece about its axis while applying cutting tools to create a desired shape.
  • Drilling: Drilling produces holes in a workpiece using a fluted cutting tool. Hole-making is a class of machining operations that are specifically used to cut a hole into a workpiece. Machining, a material removal process, creates features on a part by cutting away the unwanted material and requires a machine, workpiece, fixture, and cutting tool. Hole-making can be performed on a variety of machines, including general machining equipment such as CNC milling machines or CNC turning machines.
  • Milling: Milling is the most common form of machining, a material removal process, which can create a variety of features on a part by cutting away the unwanted material. The milling process requires a milling machine, workpiece, fixture, and cutter. The workpiece is a piece of pre-shaped material that is secured to the fixture, which itself is attached to a platform inside the milling machine. The cutter is a cutting tool with sharp teeth that is also secured in the milling machine and rotates at high speeds. By feeding the workpiece into the rotating cutter, material is cut away from this workpiece in the form of small chips to create the desired shape.
  • Grinding: Grinding is a chip removal process in which the cutting tool is an abrasive grain wheel. Different types of grinding include Surface grinding, cylindrical grinding, internal grinding and centerless grinding.

Types of Shearing in metal fabrication

Fabrication

December 17, 2010

• Conventional Shearing: The metal cutting process in which flat surfaces cut using a scissors-like action; usually in straight line is known as conventional shearing.

• Turret Punching: Turret Punching creates shapes in sheet material by successively punching a series of basic shapes. Edges are cut by the shearing action of a punch and die.

• Blanking: During blanking, different shaped parts are created in sheet metal by applying a punch and die.

Types of metal forming in metal fabrication:

Fabrication

December 13, 2010

  • Forging: The shaping of metal using localized compressive forces. Forging is often classified according to the temperature at which it is performed (i.e. cold, warm, or hot forging)
  • Rolling: The process in which metal stock is passed through a set of roll to reduce the thickness is known as rolling. Rolling is classified according to the temperature of the metal rolled. If the temperature is above its recrystallization temperature then the process is known as hot rolling and if below then cold rolling.
  • Extrusion: The process of creating objects of a fixed cross-sectional profile is known as Extrusion. A material is pushed or drawn through a die of the desired cross-section.
  • Drawing: The process of forming sheet metal into shapes or stretched over a form is known as drawing. Deep drawing is a type of drawing where the depth of the part can be greater than its diameter. Deep drawing is generally done in multiple steps called draw reductions.
  • Bending: The process of producing V-shape, U-shape, or channel shape along a straight axis in ductile material, most commonly Metal is known as bending. During bending, the workpiece is bent to form flanges, contours, curls, seams, corrugations and other geometries by means of applying force through hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical machines.
  • Spinning: The process in which a disc or tube of metal is rotated at high speed and formed into an axially symmetric part is known as spinning. Spinning can be performed by CNC lathe.